Without agricultural mechanization, there is no agricultural modernization. According to the data of the Ministry of agriculture and rural areas, China's agricultural production has entered a new stage dominated by mechanization, and the comprehensive mechanization rate of cultivation and harvest of major food crops has exceeded80%. From micro-tillers galloping in mountainous areas, to unmanned intelligent rice transplanters roaring on black soil, to automatic operation“Plant Factory”The new agricultural machinery promotes the improvement of agricultural production efficiency and provides important scientific and technological support for rural revitalization.

At present, spring ploughing and spring sowing are progressing smoothly, and more and more mechanized equipment is showing its skills in the fields and becoming a new force in agricultural production. UAV flight defense, unmanned arable land, Internet of Things monitoring moisture content……Farmers pick up.“Gold pole”, the vast fields of science and technology power.

Mountain gallop micro-tiller

“,……”

Morning9A kiwi fruit base in Xiaoqing Town, Xiuwen County, Guiyang City, Guizhou Province is very lively. Hearing from a distance, the roar of the machines came and went; looking closer, the micro-tillers in the field went back and forth. After wading through the grass nest, Lao Zhang, a farmer, greeted him.

Lao Zhang's full name is Zhang Yuanze. He used to sell agricultural machinery.2013In 2003, he often went to the province for training. Seeing that agricultural mechanization was booming in other places, he was determined to set up agricultural machinery cooperatives and shift his focus to agricultural machinery services.

“It's really hard to find a flat ground in Guizhou! It is not a palm field or a chicken coop field. It is common to climb over a ridge. Sometimes people cannot stand still, let alone machinery.”Old Zhang had no idea at first.

How to use the machinery of Popo Kankan?

“Our machinery is small, large-scale machinery works more than two meters, we only have90Centimeters, a little gap can drill.”Every time he receives an order, Lao Zhang goes to the field to find out the road, cultivated land, etc., and then decides which kind of machinery to use.“This is the kiwi fruit base, with long branches and narrow gaps, and an anti-hail net hanging on it. The micro-tiller is just right.”

2019Years ago, this kiwifruit base with a scale of 1,000 acres, cultivated land, weeding, and medicine were all manual.“A year of input300More than ten thousand, labor costs accounted for half.”An Shidong, the person in charge of the base, tried to contact Zhang Yuanze.

Watching the micro-tiller gallop, Anshidong bluntly exceeded expectations.“Before artificial weeding, dried weeds can only be burned, it is difficult to make full use. With machinery, the weeding of cultivated land is carried out at the same time, and the weeds return to the soil incidentally, which is the best fertilizer.”

An Shidong calculated the bill: fertilizing kiwifruit, relying solely on labor, only half an acre of land a day, wages100Block; and with machinery, one day can do5mu of land, an acre of land120Block.“High mechanical efficiency, strong standardization, saving per mu80Block!”

2020In, Xiuwen County completed over-farming area.67Ten thousand mu, machine harvesting area8.8Ten thousand mu, machine sowing area1.6Ten thousand mu, the comprehensive mechanization rate of major crops from30%Raise43%.

“As of last year, the total power of agricultural machinery in Guiyang reached206.76Thousands of kilowatts, all kinds of agricultural machinery36.42Ten thousand units (sets), agricultural machinery operation service organization103The comprehensive mechanization rate of major crops is47.25%.”Guiyang City Agricultural and Rural Bureau of Agricultural Mechanization Management Division Director Liu Lintao introduced. In order to improve the level of agricultural mechanization, Guiyang City continues to carry out land mechanization transformation to promote agricultural mechanization in view of the characteristics of small plots, many fields, irregular, and large slopes.“Full, comprehensive, high quality, high efficiency”Development.

Equipment upgrade more intelligent

In the Qingshan management area of Heilongjiang Beidahuang Xinhua Branch, the rice seedling greenhouse is foggy, and the automatic sprinkler irrigation system is irrigating green rice seedlings.

Yan Xiuquan, a grower, stood aside and looked at the running equipment, rejoicing in his heart.“The effect of the new sprinkler irrigation system is particularly good, according to the needs of the seedlings to the right amount of water supply. The water supply is accurate, uniform, good atomization, long range, and can reach the edge to the corner, suitable for transplanter use.”

This year's rice transplanting season, Yan Xiu's brand-new unmanned intelligent rice transplanter has shown its skills.

“In the past, with a high-speed transplanter, three people were on the transplanter at the same time, one driving and two placing trays. Now that we have the satellite navigation and positioning of the unmanned intelligent rice transplanter, we can operate it ourselves. After plugging in our own home, we can also work for other people's homes and earn some extra farming fees.”Yan Xiuquan said.

The unmanned intelligent rice transplanter mentioned by Yan Xiuquan is an intelligent machine that uses software to plan paths through a satellite navigation system. Through non-contact angle sensors and high-precision attitude sensors, high-precision operations can be maintained in sloping fields, signal interruptions, etc. One machine can insert rice with high quality one day.40mu, greatly improved efficiency.

Speaking of the new planter, Ma Mingde, a member of the company's Yitong Agricultural Machinery Cooperative, talked endlessly.“In the past, when planters encountered uneven plots or low-lying waterlogged fields, tire slippage would affect the precision sowing effect, resulting in seed stacking and seed leakage. With this motor-driven planter, it is more intelligent and accurate, and it is not afraid of slippage. This spring, there is a lot of rain and good soil moisture. With this, you can sow seeds in advance and do more work ahead of you. Your income will definitely rise.”

“We have always adhered to the direction of improving the speed, standard and quality of operation, reducing labor costs, improving the level of mechanical intelligence and promoting intensive production. This year, we plan to subsidize48510,000 yuan, updated including crawler tractors, rice side deep fertilizer machines, satellite graders and other types of pipe agricultural machinery.”Fei Guangwen, deputy general manager of agriculture of Xinhua Branch of Beidahuang Agricultural Co., Ltd., said.

Plant plant low energy consumption

New farmer Yang Shaojun for a day“Farming”Start by looking at computer data.“Temperature, humidity, carbon dioxide concentration is normal, water fertilizer flow rate is not stable.”Yang Shaojun recorded the data one by one.

Yang Shaojun is the greenhouse technical director of the Sino-Dutch Agricultural Innovation Park in Shanghai.“cultivation”The land is located in Shanghai Chongming“Plant Factory”. Area of Greenhouse Park20.66Ten thousand square meters, there are29A football field that big.

In the greenhouse, various sensor devices can be seen everywhere. According to Qi Shengping, head of the Sino-Dutch Agricultural Innovation Park, the greenhouse can realize intelligent control of water, fertilizer, temperature, light and gas, and the room temperature during the day is controlled25To26Celsius, and at night it is controlled18Celsius, to ensure that vegetables are in a comfortable growth environment all year round. Beehives are also set up in the greenhouse, using bees to pollinate plants and simulate the natural plant growth environment.

Next to the greenhouse is also built with a maximum water storage capacity of up10Ten thousand cubic meters of rainwater collection ponds provide natural irrigation water for crops without increasing local water pressure. The pressure compensation dripper controlled by computer program can accurately control the amount of irrigation water and nodes, so as to irrigate as many plants as possible with the least amount of water. The waste liquid produced after irrigation will also be recycled. The carbon dioxide generated by heating the greenhouse is not directly discharged into the air, but is recycled through a special device to reduce carbon emissions.

How many tomatoes should be on a string of plants?“In our greenhouse, dwarf plants have every knot.12or13One is good, the fourth spike starts, knot14The best, the excess can be removed.”Yang Shaojun said that there is a smart agricultural brain in the Innovation Park. Every planting operation will be recorded and precipitated as data. If a new greenhouse is built in the future, these data can become valuable experience after analysis and decoding to improve the level of agricultural modernization.

In a lush cucumber planting area, three to five workers stand on a shelf with automatic height adjustment to pick fruits. In this automatic farm, only gardening operations such as picking and beating old leaves need to be completed manually. According to the staff, every 10,000 square meters here needs to be completed manually.8-10Individual maintenance, the number of people is half that of traditional agriculture, but the average yield is higher than traditional ground planting.10Times or so. On average, it can be provided to Shanghai residents every day.30-40Tons of high quality green vegetables.

This year1In January, Shanghai's Action Plan for Promoting High-quality Agricultural Development (2021-2025Year) "released, planned2025Year to Build10Ten thousand mu of grain production unmanned farm, cultivate50Modern agricultural high-tech enterprises.

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