Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, my country's agricultural production methods have gone through three stages, namely, traditional agriculture based on human and animal power (agriculture1.0), bio-chemical agriculture with extensive application of hybrids and fertilizers, pesticides (agricultural2.0), mechanized agriculture with agricultural machinery as a means of production (agricultural3.0) Three major stages, is now moving towards "big (big data), things (Internet of Things), mobile (mobile Internet), cloud (cloud computing), chain (blockchain)" and intelligent equipment and other production factors characterized by the application of intelligent agriculture (agriculture4.0) stage. The characteristic of intelligent agriculture is to realize the automatic application of replacing human brain with computer, replacing manpower with machine and independent, safe and controllable. The intelligence of agricultural machinery is the key. Agricultural machinery intelligence includes perception, connection, data, analysis, control, etc.5elements. It is only necessary to install sensors and controllers on agricultural machinery such as deep loosening machines.10After that, the agricultural machinery is like having eyes, ears and brain, and the level of intelligence is greatly improved. For example, intelligent sowing equipment can realize precise sowing, variable fertilization, online statistics of working area and monitoring of sowing amount. Unmanned sprinkler irrigation equipment can operate automatically to save water. Intelligent plant protection machinery can use images to accurately identify weeds and realize precise control of spraying amount. Moreover, these intelligent equipment can also realize fault early warning and fast and accurate fault automatic diagnosis.

In recent years, especially after the outbreak of new crown pneumonia, intelligent agricultural machinery has shown its talents. High-end intelligent rice transplanter, unmanned plant protection machine, plant (animal husbandry, aquatic products) factory, agricultural products e-commerce and other intelligent equipment in agricultural production. For thousands of years many placesFarmers who are "facing the loess and back to the sky, sweating in the wind and sun" now "use mobile phones to manage the fields, and machines roar and people are at leisure". Intelligent agricultural machinery empowers modern agriculture, reduces labor costs and time costs, improves agricultural production efficiency, and also improves the quality and safety of agricultural products. It answers the question of the times of "who will plant the land and how to plant the land", and helps modern agriculture. Running out of "acceleration" has opened up a new space for rural revitalization.

However, we must clearly see that although our country2012The agricultural machinery industry has already won the first place in the world, and at the same time it is the world's largest agricultural machinery user, but it is far from being a powerful agricultural machinery country. The outstanding performance is that the digitization, informatization, and intelligence of agricultural equipment are still in their infancy, and there is a big gap compared with developed countries and regions such as Europe, America, Israel, Japan and South Korea.20Century90In the mid-1980s, the United States installed the satellite navigation system used in the Gulf War on agricultural machinery, thus leading American agricultural machinery to take the lead in high-tech, high-performance, and intelligent in the world. All-American20%of cultivated land,80%The large farm has realized the whole process of intelligent and digital field production, with an average of about per farm.50A device connected to the Internet of Things, a farmer can farm2700acres of land. And China's intelligent high-end agricultural machinery is less than the overall scale of agricultural machinery.10%The overall research and development capability is weak, the core technology needs to be broken through, the key components rely on imports, the quality of basic materials and supporting machinery and other issues, become the biggest constraints affecting the development of intelligent agricultural machinery, has broken through some of the cutting-edge technology is limited to local point application. In the low-end overcapacity, the reliability of the machine, applicability needs to be improved. Taking Anhui as an example, the whole mechanization level of grain production in the whole province has exceeded80%The installation of monitoring instruments and plant protection robots are among the top in the country, and their efficiency is higher than that of ordinary agricultural machinery.50%-60%(In the crop planting stage, the application of intelligent agricultural machinery to enhance at least5%-10%per mu). However, the application of high-end intelligent agricultural machinery in Datian lags behind the surrounding provinces such as Sulu, Henan and Hubei, and the application of intelligent equipment for facility agriculture lags far behind that in Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Shanghai. In agricultural production in mountainous and hilly areas, there are outstanding problems such as "no good machine use" and "organic difficult to use". Farmers lament that "large machinery cannot be used and small machinery is stupid and stupid (with single function", agricultural machinery "not smart enough" has become a key factor restricting the level of agricultural modernization in the province. The development of "smart" intelligent agricultural machinery has become a new trend in the development of agricultural mechanization.

General Secretary Xi Jinping once pointed out:"We must vigorously promote agricultural mechanization and intelligence, and insert the wings of science and technology for agricultural modernization." General Secretary this year7During his inspection tour in Jilin in January, he once again stressed that the key to agricultural modernization is the modernization of agricultural science and technology. It is necessary to strengthen the integration of agriculture and science and technology, strengthen agricultural science and technology innovation, and strengthen the support of agricultural science and technology and equipment. The general secretary's far-sighted scientific conclusion has pointed out the development direction for the transformation and upgrading of agricultural mechanization in China. At present, the development of agricultural machinery intelligent is the right time. From the market level, the demand for all kinds of new business entities is increasingly strong, and the pace of "machine substitution" is accelerating; from the policy level, in recent years, the No. 1 document of the Central Committee and various provinces, autonomous regions and cities have requested to speed up the research and development, application and promotion of intelligent agricultural machinery; from the technical level,5GTechnology, satellite navigation technology, electro-hydraulic control technology, operation monitoring and other modern agricultural machinery equipment technology tends to mature. To this end, we must seize the opportunity, follow the trend, strengthen the intelligent research and development and landing application of agricultural machinery, promote the all-round development of agricultural mechanization, and give agriculture the golden wings of scientific and technological innovation. let more and more farmers pick up the "golden pole" of agricultural modernization ".

A strong design. Promoting the intelligentization of agricultural machinery is a systematic project, which requires the joint efforts of the government, industry associations, enterprises and other aspects to build an intelligent ecosystem of agricultural machinery. The relevant top-level design should be strengthened to promote the intelligentization of agricultural machinery from a high level. Recommendations:1.Establish a joint conference system for the development of intelligent agricultural machinery with the participation of development and reform, industry and information technology, agriculture and rural areas, forestry and grass, science and technology, finance and other departments, and absorb the participation of industry associations, focus on coordinating and promoting the manufacturing industry and equipment application of high-end intelligent agricultural machinery and equipment, and speed up the process of mechanization and information integration.2.Seize the opportunity of the preparation of the "14th Five-Year Plan", accelerate the research and formulation of the "14th Five-Year Plan" intelligent agricultural machinery development plan and related special plans at the national and provincial levels, and lead the intelligent development of agricultural mechanization with scientific planning.3.It is necessary to uniformly plan and build an intelligent agricultural machinery management information system platform, and classify and build mechanized and intelligent application demonstration bases in the fields of field crops, aquaculture, livestock and poultry breeding, characteristic bacteria, fruit, tea and vegetables, and authentic Chinese medicinal materials, especially in the whole-process mechanization demonstration counties of grain production. Take the lead in building a batch of smart/Unmanned agricultural machinery "demonstration farm".4.Building a policy system. Strengthen financial, financial and talent support. At the national level, we will set up a special fund for the research and development of high-end and intelligent agricultural machinery and equipment, continue to promote the "appropriate mechanization" of infrastructure, and develop agricultural machinery services that are compatible with moderate scale operations. At the national and local levels, intelligent agricultural machinery expert think tanks should be established to strengthen relevant equipment and technology research, standard and specification formulation, technical training and guidance, and decision-making consultation, so as to form a technical guidance mechanism of linkage, mutual support and coordinated promotion.

Second, be smart. China's arable land area is small, the terrain is complex, and small farmers have2.6billion, with a low level of education. This situation determines that intelligent agricultural machinery equipment must have the characteristics of simplicity and convenience, strong operability, stable performance, and strong environmental adaptability, which requires mature intelligent manufacturing technology to support. National13A department has recently made it clear that "supporting the research and development and application of intelligent agricultural machinery adapted to different crops and environments" is a "good prescription" for the "mental retardation" of domestic agricultural machinery ". Where is the current intelligent agricultural machinery short board? We are in Anhui Province.206A questionnaire survey was conducted among the new farmers.90.26%Some people believe that the current intelligent agricultural machinery urgently needs to make new progress in key links such as field operations, facility cultivation, healthy breeding, intensive processing, storage, transportation and preservation,96.12%The people expressed the hope to develop low-cost, easy-to-assemble various types of agricultural sensors, controllers and other core components that adapt to the harsh agricultural production environment and working conditions,93.33%People think that a number of key technologies should be broken through as soon as possible (such as automatic driving, seeding monitoring, spatial distribution of crop yield differential monitoring, variable fertilization, pesticide variable spraying, intelligent water and fertilizer integration, animal and plant disease epidemic online diagnosis technology, etc.). Solving these outstanding technical problems is a systematic project. It is necessary to implement the "integration of production, education, research and application", integrate the strength of first-class information technology enterprises, high-end agricultural machinery manufacturers, universities, scientific research units and grass-roots agricultural technology extension institutions, and coordinate to conquer the "neck" technology, speed up the research and development of multi-functional, "fool" and economical intelligent agricultural equipment, and change "traditional manufacturing" into "modern intelligent manufacturing", to achieve electronic digital control, networking to achieve interconnection, intelligent to achieve man-machine coupling (or unmanned operation), to promote agricultural machinery equipment and technology to actively adapt to agricultural scale, refinement, facilities and other requirements.

Three to be strong"Integration". Modern high-end agricultural machinery equipment is the unity of automation, electronics and information, and its intelligent level is reflected in the degree of integration of intelligent perception, digital analysis and intelligent decision-making results in agricultural machinery equipment. In order to equip agricultural machinery with intelligent brains, we must speed up the "two integration", that is, the integration of agricultural machinery and agronomy and the integration of mechanization and information. It is necessary to aim at food and food safety, promote the application of big data, Internet of things, intelligent control, satellite positioning and other information technologies in the manufacturing and operation of agricultural machinery and equipment, cultivate data support systems such as social geographic information, soil testing formula, moisture detection, and output monitoring, promote the application of big data in agricultural mechanization, and improve the level of intelligent manufacturing and quality control capabilities, realize the precision, variable and quantitative operation of the whole process of farming and harvesting of grain and oil, bulk high-value characteristic varieties, and improve the efficiency and efficiency of agricultural machinery socialized services. The "two integration" needs to strengthen the coordination of the "three systems. The state has established characteristic agricultural industrial technology systems such as grain, oil, cotton, fungus, vegetable, fruit and tea, and agricultural machinery industry technology systems, and some provinces and cities have established agricultural information industry technology systems. The three types of systems should be closely integrated, aiming at the difficult problems of mechanized application of production and operation, and collaborative innovation. During the pilot application of "one mushroom" (Lentinus edodes and Ganoderma lucidum) block chain technology in Wuhu City, Anhui Province organized three collaborative research teams to focus on edible fungi, informatization, intelligent equipment experts and relevant agricultural technicians, focusing on breaking through the light and simplified application of intelligent equipment, enabling block chain technology and equipment to be quickly coupled and applied to the ground, and establishing a square-cabin type intelligent greenhouse for edible fungi, let the "mushroom farmers" be transformed into a "code farmers" with one-touch management and one-machine upload. The original greenhouse could only grow one crop of Lentinus edodes a year, but now it can grow three crops, which has achieved the effect of simple and inexpensive inspection, increasing production and income and improving quality. To speed up the "two integration", but also to strengthen the rural communications infrastructure. Intelligent agricultural machinery to "Internet+"The basic requirements are high," the network signal is not covered, and the intelligent equipment is a decoration ". We should take the "new infrastructure" and digital rural construction as an opportunity to accelerate the construction of rural information infrastructure, so that network information has no dead ends, all-weather, low-cost coverage, to provide strong support for the integration of agricultural mechanization and information technology, so that intelligent agricultural machinery "ears and eyes", energetic to make.

Four strong training. A thousand-mile horse must have a good rider, and an intelligent agricultural machine cannot do without a good rider. At present, the shortage of intelligent agricultural machinery technical personnel restricts the popularization and application of intelligent agricultural machinery. It is necessary to strengthen the training of farmers in the application of intelligent facilities in the cultivation of new professional farmers, and improve their ability to carry out intelligent agricultural production and management. According to our survey of Mengcheng and Jingxian counties in Anhui Province, at present, agricultural machinery operators generally hope to strengthen automatic navigation, unmanned driving, precise operation, intelligent monitoring, Internet of Things,"Internet+Agricultural machinery operation platform "and other mechanized information integration equipment and supporting agronomic technology training. It is necessary to strengthen the training of agricultural machinery managers and professional and technical personnel, and arrange "actual combat" training in the construction of agricultural mechanization demonstration bases as much as possible, and then gradually expand the scope of training to speed up the training of agricultural machinery operators and navigation technical service personnel. Due to the high level of agronomic requirements for intelligent agricultural machinery operation, according to the requirements of agricultural machinery agronomic integration, agronomic content should be added to the training of agricultural machinery operators, so that the operators can understand both agricultural machinery and agronomy. Similarly, the training of agronomic personnel should also increase the content of agricultural machinery. All localities should plan and build demonstration bases for the integration of intelligent machinery and technology, speed up the transformation of scientific and technological achievements, technical experiments and promotion, and innovation of service mechanisms, and demonstrate and lead the development of the integration of intelligent agricultural machinery and agronomy. In order to promote the development of intelligent agricultural mechanization, it is necessary to guide and support agriculture-related colleges and universities to actively set up relevant majors, cultivate innovative, applied, and compound agricultural mechanization talents, and support superior agricultural machinery companies and colleges and secondary agricultural machinery schools to jointly build and share engineering innovation bases and practical training The base improves the ability of large farmers and farmers to carry out intelligent agricultural production and operation, and promotes them to accelerate their transformation to standardization and intelligence, enjoy the convenience brought by the change from Tian Tou, Tang Bian, column shed to "fingertip.

Five to strong subsidies. Compared with traditional agricultural machinery, intelligent agricultural machinery due to the need to combine a variety of intelligent technology, its system cost is relatively high, according to our investigation of Mengcheng, Jingxian County, farmers to buy intelligent agricultural machinery equipment, even in the case of agricultural machinery subsidies, the actual cost of each system still need to be.3million-5Ten thousand yuan, and the whole set of equipment is as high as hundreds of thousands of yuan. This is difficult for ordinary farmers to bear, so the willingness to buy will be reduced, the promotion of intelligent agricultural machinery is more difficult. Therefore, we should strengthen the support of agricultural machinery purchase subsidy policy, encourage farmers to purchase and use intelligent agricultural machinery, expand the pilot project of new product subsidies, and support the transformation of scientific and technological innovation achievements. At the same time, the purchase subsidy policy should follow up the pace of agricultural machinery intelligence and change the "one size fits all" model that is not friendly to intelligent agricultural machinery products. The current agricultural machinery subsidy policy stipulates that the purchase of unified models can enjoy a certain proportion of subsidies, but set the upper limit of financial subsidies, such as the sale of low-end agricultural machinery of the same kind.7Ten thousand, high-end sales15Ten thousand dollars, but the subsidies are the same. It is suggested to improve the subsidy standard for the purchase of intelligent high-end agricultural machinery, so as to improve the enthusiasm of farmers to purchase and use intelligent agricultural machinery. At the same time, it is necessary to establish and improve the intelligent agricultural machinery service system to provide convenience for farmers to maintain intelligent agricultural machinery equipment.